Pre-term Foetal Life Times in Scotland

A proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the association between ten categorical covariates and the risk of pre-term delivery for women having their first child and women in subsequent pregnancies. An adaptation of the model for use with grouped survival times made it possible to model foetal life times between 28 and 36 completed weeks of gestation for 67,000 Scottish singleton births in 1981. The use of the model was justified by testing time-dependent effects. For both groups of women age, and a history of abortion, were major factors associated with increased hazard. For women experiencing a second or higher-order birth a history of perinatal death was also associated with substantially increased hazard to the pregnancy.     

Differential fertility in Ontario. An application of factorial design to a demographic problem

This paper describes the use of a probability sample to survey differential fertility. 475 women were randomly selected from the 1941 Census of Canada to provide tests of the existence of five differentials: income, present age, age by marriage, schooling and distance from a city. The sample was limited to one province and to two contrasting values of each of the five differentials under study. Significant differences are found for the effective distance as well as for age at marriage and schooling. This is taken as signifying that the diffusion of the small-family pattern has a spatial dimension.     

Pills,Periods, and Postfeminism

Since the English translation of Elsimar Coutinho's Is Menstruation Obsolete? in 1999 and the introduction of cycle-stopping birth control pills in 2003, US women are increasingly advised that menstruation is not necessary for good health. The most widely distributed source of such messages is direct-to-consumer advertisements for birth control pills. The most recent television ads for Seasonique, the leading brand of cycle-stopping contraceptive in the US, minimize the pill's contraceptive function and focus instead on their effectiveness in reducing the frequency of menstruation. A close reading of these commercials reveals them to be an integral part of an emerging postfeminist media culture that attempts to solidify a new, neoliberal subjectivity for women. This subjectivity imposes an idealized, docile, non-menstruating feminine body, ready for full-time participation in the neoliberal economy.     

财务预期:财务学的一个新范畴

运用预期理论,探讨财务预期的概念、理论基础、形成路径、财务预期的类型和作用。利用中国平安保险公司2008年的融资门事件,分析非稳定财务预期现象的存在,提出改善决策者心智模式、建立健全决策者财务预期监测与预警系统等相关措施。     

包头市人口再生产与人口转变研究

1949年到2009年期间,包头市出生人数经历了出生人数增长阶段、出生人数持续阶段、出生人数减少阶段和出生人数回落回升阶段;出生率经历了第一高峰阶段、第一低谷阶段、第二高峰阶段、第二低谷阶段和第三高峰阶段;死亡人数经历了死亡人数增长阶段、死亡人数减少阶段、死亡人数持平阶段、死亡人数抬升阶段和死亡人数回落回升阶段;死亡率经历了下降阶段、徘徊阶段和起伏阶段;人口再生产类型的转变过程确定为传统型阶段→过渡类型阶段→现代型阶段;60多年的人口再生产类型转变的梳理,为包头市今后人口与计划生育工作提供了继续稳定低生育水平、解决低生育水平下的人口问题启示。     

转型期中国的社会公正感探析——以社会期望与财富分配的互动关系为视角

20世纪90年代以来,中国社会的贫富分化日益严重,民众的社会不公正感逐渐增强。一方面,改革开放促进了民众教育水平的提高和公民文化与平等意识的萌发,增强了他们对现代化生活方式的憧憬,引发了普泛性的生存比较,所有这些都普遍提高了民众的社会期望。另一方面,转型期中国社会的贫富差距全方位扩大,财富分配极不合理,既有市场化改革自身引发的巨大收入差距,也普遍存在由双轨制、非正当致富等导致的贫富悬殊。这种期望与指望的差距造成了社会不公正感。用公式可表示为：社会不公正感=社会期望/财富分配。提高民众的社会公正感须从调整财富分配入手,应做到起点公正、过程公正和结果公正。     

International Adoption: Counseling and the Adoption Triad

Despite a 60-plus–year history of international adoption (IA) placements, the body of research exploring counseling and psychological interventions for those affected by IA is still in its infancy. This critical review of the state of the literature addresses research, theory, and practice relevant to the international adoption triad (adoptive parents, birth parents, and adoptees). We highlight the lack of empirical attention to the clinical needs of birth parents, the tendency to overlook the clinical needs of adoptive parents both pre- and post-adoption, early childhood vulnerability in international adoptees, and adolescent identity challenges and the attendant clinical issues.     

A strong law of large number for negatively dependent and non identical distributed random variables in the framework of sublinear expectation

Abstract

In this article, in the framework of sublinear expectation initiated by Peng, we derive a strong law of large numbers (SLLN) for negatively dependent and non identical distributed random variables. This result includes and extends some existing results. Furthermore, we give two examples of our result for applications.     

从人口结构演化解析中国人口政策的实际影响

随着中国人口结构中人口老龄化、出生性别比失衡等问题的出现，特别在人口自然增长率持续下降的背景下，社会上形成这样一种认识：推行了近三十年的人口政策是造成人口结构问题的根源，只要放开这一政策以上问题将会迎刃而解。对此，本文从经济学角度进行了剖析，认为人口政策虽然对出生性别比失衡负有不可推卸的责任、但并非主因，人口年龄结构老化更是与此关联不大。在中国人口数量依然严峻的形势下，通过提升经济发展水平促进社会进步才是解决问题的关键所在。